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Publications and events
Provenance contexts
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Provenance Contexts

21st-Century Developments: Benin. Kings and Rituals and the Development of the Benin Dialogue Group
Activism and the Restitution and Call for Return of Emwin Arre in the 20th and 21st Centuries
American Public Collections: Scientific Specimens and the Art Museum
Benin Artefacts Acquired by Museums before 1897
Benin Objects in Private Collections
Benin-Portuguese Ivories
Cases and Potential Cases of Looted Jewish Collections
Conservation Treatments, Scientific Research and Sampling in the Museum Settings
Damage, Destruction and Loss during the Second World War
Destruction of the Palatial Compound and Surroundings, February 1897
Diplomatic Gifts
Display and preservation of the Ama-Ẹrọnmwọn in Benin City
Dutch Colonial Collections Policy and Development of the Committee Imogen
European Copies, Pieces ‘in the Style’ of Benin Objects and European Objects in Benin
Fragments and Broken Objects
Gazette Declaring the Ọba of Benin’s Ownership of Restituted Benin Royal Artefacts
High Probability of Unrecorded Provenance
Iconoclasm and the extraction of cultural artefacts after 1899
Intervention : dealer, collector and museum inventory numbers and labels
Joint Declaration on the Return of Benin Bronzes and Bilateral Museum
Looted? Inconclusive Evidence
Looting and Extraction of Benin Objects during British colonial military campaigns in Nigeria
Looting of the Aken'ni Elao and of the Ivory Artefacts
Looting of the Benin Ama-Eronmwon (Brass Plaques)
Looting of the Iy'Ọba Palace
Looting of the Wooden Objects in Benin City, 1897-1899
Looting of the Ọba's Palace
Lower Niger Bronzes & Objects from Regions near Benin
Museum Acquisitions on the Global Art Market since the 1960s
Museum Types and Benin Collections
Objects Selected and Produced for the Wembley British Empire Exhibition
Objects possibly looted or appropriated after the expedition (until 1899)
Post-Independence Appeals for Returns
Prize, Trophies and Loot
Production of Obele in Southern Nigeria
Production of Wooden Uhunmwu-Elao in the 20th Century in Benin City
Productions by Benin craftsmen after February 1897 and commissioned artefacts
Reign of Ọba Ovonramwẹ
The Case of Nigerian Public Collections - Buying Back Benin Heritage
The Development of an Art Market for the Benin Pieces: The Case of France
The Development of the American Market for Benin Pieces (1950s–1970s)
The Manipulation and Alteration of Objects by Collectors and Dealers
The Market for Benin Objects in Benin City and Nigeria in the 20th Century
The Market for Benin “Spoils” and Early Museum Acquisitions in Great Britain (1897–1930s)
The Market for Ethnographica, Benin Artefacts, and Early Museum Acquisitions in Germany (1897–1930s)
The Reinstatement of Cultural Practices and Early Requests for Returns
The Role of German and British Traders and Shipping Companies
The Sale and Exchange of Duplicates
The Undocumented Distribution of Looted Materials
Trophy-Making: Added Plaques, Inscriptions and Mounts
Use and preservation of Abokpo in Benin
Use and preservation of Ada in Benin
Use and preservation of Aga in Benin City
Use and preservation of Agba in Benin
Use and preservation of Agbada in Benin
Use and preservation of Ahianmwẹ-Ọrọ in Benin.
Use and preservation of Aken'ni Elao in Benin
Use and preservation of Akhẹ Osun in Benin
Use and preservation of Akhẹ in Benin
Use and preservation of Akohẹn/Oko in Benin City
Use and preservation of Akuọghọ in Benin
Use and preservation of Anwa/Akpoka in Benin
Use and preservation of Ebẹn in Benin
Use and preservation of Ehiamwen Ivin in Benin
Use and preservation of Elubasẹ/Isevbere
Use and preservation of Emwiegbe in Benin
Use and preservation of Ewua in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ẹkpoki in Benin
Use and preservation of Ẹrhẹ in Benin
Use and preservation of Ẹrhu in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ẹroro in Benin
Use and preservation of Ibierugha in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ido in Benin
Use and preservation of Ighẹghan in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ikẹgobọ in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ikoro in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ikpakohen in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ikpin in Benin
Use and preservation of Isẹ in Benin
Use and preservation of Isẹ vbe ẹigho in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ivbiotọ in Benin City
Use and preservation of Okhuo figures in Benin City
Use and preservation of Oroka in Benin City
Use and preservation of Osogan in Benin
Use and preservation of Oyiya in Benin
Use and preservation of Ọkporhu and Iyeọkhọkhọ in Benin
Use and preservation of Ufere in Benin
Use and preservation of Ugbẹkun in Benin
Use and preservation of Ugbudian in Benin
Use and preservation of Ugbugbe in Benin
Use and preservation of Ughegbe in Benin City
Use and preservation of Uhẹnhẹn/Ekuyẹ in Benin
Use and preservation of Uhunmwu elao ọghe Iy’ọba on altars in Benin
Use and preservation of Uhunmwu-Elao on altars in Benin
Use and preservation of Uhunmwu-Ẹkuẹ in Benin
Use and preservation of Ukhurhẹ in Benin City
Use and preservation of Uko Ẹkhaẹ in Benin City
Use and preservation of Uko in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ukpu in Benin City
Use and preservation of Umozo/Ọhọ in Benin
Use and preservation of Urhotọ in Benin
Use and preservation of Urhukpa-Ẹvbi in Benin City
Use and preservation of Uru in Benin
Use and preservation of Uzokpo in Benin
Use and preservation of aro ododua in Benin
Use and preservation of asa in Benin
Use and preservation of asigbe in Benin
Use and preservation of asoro in Benin
Use and preservation of bronze okpia in Benin
Use and preservation of horns in Benin
Use and preservation of horse rider figures in Benin City
Use and preservation of pendant plaques in Benin
Use and preservation of staffs of office in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ẹgba in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ẹgogo in Benin City
Use and preservation of Ẹkpẹtin in Benin
Use of Akhiọn/Ukoko in Benin City
Use of Aza in Benin
Use of Azuwa in Benin
Use of Ema in Benin
Use of Ẹkpẹde in Benin
Use of Ẹzuzu in Benin City
Use of Idẹnrhẹn in Benin
Use of Ifẹnmwẹ in Benin
Use of Isanrẹn in Benin City
Use of Ovazẹ in Benin
Use of Uhanbọ in Benin
Use of Ukpọn during military festivals
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of imakhe (potters)
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Emada
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Enisẹn
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Igbesamwan guild in Benin City
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Igun-Ematon guild
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Igun-Ẹrọnmwọn guild
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Ikpema guild in Benin
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Isekpokin guild
[IN PROGRESS] Productions of the Owina (royal court weavers guild)
[IN PROGRESS] Reign of Ọba Ẹsigie
[IN PROGRESS] Use and preservation of Ọrhiẹvbẹ in Benin
[in progress] Use and preservation of Urua in Benin
[in progress] Use of Aghẹn in Benin
[in progress] Use of Uhunmwu-Ewawa in Benin
Sensitive Content

Digital Benin collates digital material from institutions, and some of this material is inherently colonial and contains words, terms and phrases that are inaccurate, derogatory and harmful towards African and African diasporic communities. Catalogue transcriptions, book titles, exhibition titles and museum titles may contain harmful terms. We recognise the potential for the material to cause physical and mental distress as well as evoke strong emotions. Owing to the scale of the collection’s data, a process to implement sensitive-content warnings in the displayed data is still incomplete. The material within the catalogue does not represent Digital Benin’s views. Digital Benin maintains a strong anti-colonial, anti-racist position and affirms its support for centring the humanity of historically marginalised and disenfranchised communities. Read more about the background of this statement here

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